Modern approaches to the treatment of patients with severe burn injuries

Introduction. Severe burn injuries represent a critical medical condition associated with high mortality rates, primarily due to septic complications. Modern combustiology requires integrated approaches aimed at improving survival and reducing infection risks.

Objective. To analyze contemporary strategies and innovations in the treatment of patients with severe burns, focusing on systemic therapy and local wound management.

Materials and methods. A literature review of recent scientific publications and clinical studies was conducted, covering aspects of antibacterial therapy, immunomodulation, and the use of advanced wound dressings and skin substitutes.

Results. Key directions in managing severe burns include early systemic antibiotic therapy targeting resistant pathogens (e. g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA) and selective intestinal decontamination to prevent bacterial translocation. Immunomodulation with immunoglobulins and colony-stimulating factors enhances host defense mechanisms. Local treatment benefits from innovative methods such as silver-based antimicrobial dressings, bioengineered skin substitutes, fish skin grafts, and techniques like hydrosurgical debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, and photodynamic therapy. These approaches collectively accelerate wound healing, reduce bacterial load, and minimize scarring.

Conclusion. A comprehensive treatment strategy, combining early antibiotic therapy, intestinal decontamination, immunomodulation, and advanced local wound care, significantly improves outcomes for patients with severe burns. Future perspectives involve the further development of cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine to enhance skin recovery.

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