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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Качественная клиническая практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0519</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0519-GCP-0037</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RPFKEE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinvest-875</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лекарственные взаимодействия антитромботических препаратов как механизм реализации риска желудочно-кишечных кровотечений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drug-drug interactions of antithrombotic agents as a mechanism underlying the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-0945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии им. Ю.Б. Белоусова ИКМ ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B. Belousov, Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teplova.nv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-3180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гульбекова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulbekova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры клинической фармакологии им. Ю. Б. Белоусова ИКМ ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu.B. Belousov, Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulbekova1990@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6563-1711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семашкевич</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semashkevich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 5-го курса специальности «Лечебное дело» ИКМ ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a fifth-year student majoring in General Medicine at the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.smshkvch@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова», Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова», Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Теплова Н.В., Гульбекова О.В., Семашкевич А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Теплова Н.В., Гульбекова О.В., Семашкевич А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Teplova N.V., Gulbekova O.V., Semashkevich A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/875">https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/875</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. У коморбидных пациентов, получающих антитромботическую терапию, межлекарственные взаимодействия служат одним из ключевых модифицируемых факторов риска желудочно-кишечных кровотечений (ЖКК). При этом стандартные шкалы (HAS‑BLED, ORBIT) не учитывают динамику сопутствующей фармакотерапии, что ограничивает их прогностическую ценность.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обобщить данные литературы о фармакокинетических и фармакодинамических механизмах взаимодействий антитромботических препаратов с другими лекарственными средствами, способствующих развитию ЖКК, и на основе этого обосновать стратегии снижения геморрагического риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведён библиографический поиск в базах PubMed и eLIBRARY.RU за 2020–2026 годы. Включены полнотекстовые систематические обзоры, метаанализы и когортные исследования на русском и английском языках. Анализировались взаимодействия прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов (ПОАК), варфарина и антиагрегантов, опосредованные P‑гликопротеином (P‑gp), изоферментами цитохрома P450, а также синергидные эффекты на систему гемостаза.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ингибиторы P‑gp и CYP3A4 (амиодарон, верапамил, кетоконазол) значимо повышают экспозицию ПОАК: площадь под кривой «концентрация–время» (AUC) дабигатрана при совместном приёме с верапамилом возрастает в 2,5 раза, ривароксабана с кетоконазолом — на 158 %. Ингибиторы CYP2C19 (омепразол, эзомепразол) вызывают феноконверсию клопидогрела, что ассоциировано с ростом частоты сердечно-сосудистых событий. Приём НПВС увеличивает риск ЖКК в 3,01 раза, СИОЗС — на 34 % (ОШ = 1,34), системных глюкокортикоидов — на 33 % (ОШ = 1,33). Проблемы, связанные с лекарственной терапией, выявляются более чем у 75 % кардиологических больных.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тяжёлые геморрагии чаще обусловлены полипрагмазией и межлекарственными взаимодействиями, нежели изолированным действием антитромботических средств. Профилактика требует индивидуального контроля терапии, коррекции доз ПОАК с учётом функции почек, отмены НПВС и назначения ингибиторов протонной помпы с минимальным сродством к CYP2C19 (пантопразол, рабепразол).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. In comorbid patients receiving antithrombotic therapy, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are among the key modifiable risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). However, standard bleeding risk scores (HAS‑BLED, ORBIT) do not account for changes in concomitant pharmacotherapy, which limits their predictive value.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To summarize the available evidence on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms underlying DDIs between antithrombotic agents and other drugs that contribute to GIB, and to substantiate strategies for reducing bleeding risk.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A literature search was performed in PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU for publications from 2020 to 2026. Full‑text systematic reviews, meta‑analyses, and cohort studies published in Russian or English were included. Interactions involving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), warfarin, and antiplatelet agents mediated by P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp), cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and synergistic hemostatic effects were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Inhibitors of P‑gp and CYP3A4 (amiodarone, verapamil, ketoconazole) substantially increase DOAC exposure: the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of dabigatran increases 2.5‑fold with verapamil, and that of rivaroxaban by 158 % with ketoconazole. CYP2C19 inhibitors (omeprazole, esomeprazole) induce clopidogrel phenoconversion, associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular events. Concomitant NSAID use increases GIB risk 3.01‑fold, SSRIs by 34 % (OR = 1.34), and systemic glucocorticoids by 33 % (OR = 1.33). Drug‑related problems are identified in more than 75 % of cardiac patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Severe bleeding events are more often linked to polypharmacy and DDIs than to the isolated effect of antithrombotic drugs. Prevention requires individualized pharmacotherapy management, dose adjustment of DOACs based on renal function, avoidance of NSAIDs, and gastroprotection with proton pump inhibitors that have minimal CYP2C19 affinity (pantoprazole, rabeprazole).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антитромботическая терапия</kwd><kwd>прямые пероральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечные кровотечения</kwd><kwd>межлекарственные взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd><kwd>фармакодинамика</kwd><kwd>полипрагмазия</kwd><kwd>P-гликопротеин</kwd><kwd>цитохром P450</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы протонной помпы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antithrombotic therapy</kwd><kwd>direct oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal bleeding</kwd><kwd>drug-drug interactions</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd><kwd>pharmacodynamics</kwd><kwd>polypharmacy</kwd><kwd>P-glycoprotein</kwd><kwd>cytochrome P450</kwd><kwd>proton pump inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Y, Siegal DM. 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