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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Качественная клиническая практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0519</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0519-GCP-0030</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TLFOAX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinvest-867</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АУДИТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AUDIT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ретроспективный клинико-фармакологический аудит назначений нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов и феномена «Triple Whammy» у полиморбидных пациентов амбулаторного звена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retrospective clinical and pharmacological audit of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions and the "Triple Whammy" phenomenon in polymorbid outpatients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6863-1276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Илья Сергеевич — врач-ординатор 2-ого года обучения по специальности «клиническая фармакология», врач-стажёр отделения клинической фармакологии клиник</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya S. Yudin — a second-year resident physician specializing in clinical pharmacology and an intern in the Clinical Pharmacology Department </p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilya_yudinsmr@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-3035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпигель</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpigel</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпигель Александр Семенович — д. м. н., профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии с курсами гематологии и  трансфузиологии</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Shpigel — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy with courses in Hematology and Transfusiology</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashpigel@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юдин И.С., Шпигель А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юдин И.С., Шпигель А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yudin I.S., Shpigel A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/867">https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/867</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Назначение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) коморбидным пациентам сопряжено с высоким риском развития нежелательных лекарственных реакций (НЛР) и отсутствие эффекта от назначенной терапии. Особую опасность представляет «Triple Whammy» («тройной удар») — сочетанное применение системных НПВП, ингибиторов ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы (ИАПФ/БРА) и диуретиков. Настоящее исследование является, по нашим данным, одним из первых региональных клинико-фармакологических аудитов, количественно оценивающих частоту формирования паттерна «Triple Whammy» именно в амбулаторной практике с анализом качества документирования терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить структуру назначений системных НПВП и частоту формирования потенциально нефротоксичных лекарственных комбинаций у полиморбидных пациентов в амбулаторной практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы</title><p>Материалы. Проведено ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование (n=50). Оценивались демографические показатели, функция почек (СКФ по CKD-EPI), сопутствующая фармакотерапия и зарегистрированные нежелательные лекарственные реакции (НЛР) и отсутствие эффекта от назначенной терапии с ретроспективной оценкой причинно-следственной связи согласно критериям WHO-UMC. Статистический анализ проводился непараметрическими методами с расчётом отношения шансов (ОШ) и 95 % доверительного интервала (ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Признаки хронической болезни почек (ХБП 3–5 стадий, СКФ&lt;0 мл/мин/1,73 м2 ) выявлены у 26 пациентов (52 %). Выявлена статистически значимая ассоциация между сниженной функцией почек и частотой назначения комбинации «Triple Whammy» (61,5 против 12,5 %, p&lt;0,001). Оценка отношения шансов (ОШ 11,2) подтверждает повышение риска; однако широкий доверительный интервал [95 % ДИ: 2,64–47,48] указывает на необходимость уточнения истинной величины эффекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлена высокая частота дефектов документирования параметров безопасности и  значительная доля совместных назначений нефротоксичных комбинаций пациентам с исходно сниженной функцией почек. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости внедрения алгоритмов автоматизированного фармаконадзора на амбулаторном этапе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in comorbid patients is associated with a high risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and lack of therapeutic response. Of particular concern is the "Triple Whammy" — the combined use of systemic NSAIDs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (ACEIs/ARBs), and diuretics. To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first regional clinical pharmacological audits to quantitatively assess the prevalence of the "Triple Whammy" pattern specifically in outpatient practice, including an analysis of the quality of therapy documentation.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the prescribing patterns of systemic NSAIDs and the frequency of potentially nephrotoxic drug combinations in polymorbid outpatients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center study (n=50) was conducted. Demographic parameters, renal function (eGFR by CKD-EPI), concomitant pharmacotherapy, documented ADRs, and lack of therapeutic effect were assessed, with retrospective causality assessment using the WHO-UMC criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric methods, calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 3–5, eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) were identifi ed in 26 patients (52 %). A statistically significant association was found between reduced renal function and the prescribing frequency of the "Triple Whammy" combination (61.5 % vs. 12.5 %, p &lt; 0.001). The odds ratio assessment (OR=11.2) confirms an increased risk; however, the wide confidence interval [95 % CI: 2.64–47.48] indicates the need for further refinement of the true effect size.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A high frequency of deficiencies in documenting safety parameters and a significant proportion of co-prescriptions of nephrotoxic combinations in patients with pre-existing renal impairment were identified. These findings highlight the need to implement automated pharmacovigilance algorithms at the outpatient level.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>фармакоэпидемиология</kwd><kwd>полипрагмазия</kwd><kwd>Triple Whammy</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>безопасность фармакотерапии</kwd><kwd>процессный аудит</kwd><kwd>качество медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>фармакотерапия</kwd><kwd>нарушения при назначении</kwd><kwd>несоблюдение режима дозирования</kwd><kwd>лекарственные взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>ретроспективное исследование</kwd><kwd>амбулаторное лечение</kwd><kwd>побочные реакции</kwd><kwd>нефротоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>pharmacoepidemiology</kwd><kwd>polypharmacy</kwd><kwd>Triple Whammy</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>pharmacotherapy safety</kwd><kwd>process audit</kwd><kwd>quality of medical care</kwd><kwd>pharmacotherapy</kwd><kwd>prescribing errors</kwd><kwd>medication adherence</kwd><kwd>drug interactions</kwd><kwd>retrospective study</kwd><kwd>outpatient</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions (ADRs)</kwd><kwd>nephrotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев А.Е., Насонов Е.Л., Ивашкин В.Т., и др. 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