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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Качественная клиническая практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0519</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0519-2025-3-86-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CHWNBK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinvest-806</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ современных подходов к диагностике и лечению тяжёлой бронхиальной астмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of severe bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2454-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солдатова Ольга Николаевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Soldatova — Cand. Sci. (Med), Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soldatovaon13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-0341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлов Александр Леонидович  — д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. кафедрой фармакологии и  клинической фармакологии, ректор</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander L. Khokhlov — Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Rector </p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l460935@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-9916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заборовский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaborovskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заборовский Андрей Владимирович  — д. м. н., доцент, зав. кафедрой фармакологии, проректор </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Zaborovskiy — Dr. Sci (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology, Vice-Rector</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azabor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-образовательный институт клинической медицины им. Н. А. Семашко ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. A. Semashko Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine, Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Солдатова О.Н., Хохлов А.Л., Заборовский А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солдатова О.Н., Хохлов А.Л., Заборовский А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soldatova O.N., Khokhlov A.L., Zaborovskiy A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/806">https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/806</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящён анализу современных подходов к  диагностике и  лечению тяжёлой бронхиальной астмы (БА), для которых характерен переход к персонализированной медицине. Актуальность совершенствования терапии тяжёлой БА обусловлена продолжающимся ростом её распространённости и высокими затратами ресурсов на её лечение. В работе рассмотрена роль полиморфизмов генов в предрасположенности, особенностях течения и ответе на терапию. Значительное внимание уделено фармакогенетике, освещающей ключевые генетические маркеры, влияющие на эффективность базисных препаратов для лечения БА (бета-агонистов, ингаляционных кортикостероидов, модификаторов лейкотриенов) и возможность персонализации выбора биологической терапии. Существенная часть обзора сфокусирована на моноклональных антителах (омализумаб, меполизумаб, реслизумаб, бенрализумаб, дупилумаб, тезепелумаб), представляющих собой таргетный подход к лечению тяжёлой БА. Для каждой группы биологических препаратов проанализированы ключевые предикторы эффективности лечения (уровень эозинофилов крови, IgE, FeNO, частота обострений) и  подчёркнута важность раннего начала терапии для достижения максимального эффекта и предотвращения ремоделирования дыхательных путей. В заключении отмечается парадигмальный сдвиг в подходах к лечению БА благодаря биологической терапии, позволяющей добиться эффективного контроля у значительной части пациентов с тяжёлыми формами заболевания, вплоть до достижения клинической ремиссии и снижения потребности в системных кортикостероидах, а также указаны текущие ограничения и перспективы развития данного направления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review analyzes modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of severe bronchial asthma (SBA), characterized by a transition to personalized medicine. The need to improve therapy for SBA is driven by its increasing prevalence and high resource consumption. This study examined the role of genetic polymorphisms in predisposition, disease course, and therapy response. Considerable attention is paid to pharmacogenetics, highlighting key genetic markers that influence the efficacy of basic bronchial asthma drugs (beta-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, and leukotriene modifiers) and the possibility of personalizing the choice of biological therapy. A significant part of the review focused on monoclonal antibodies (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab), which represent a targeted approach to the treatment of SBA. The key predictors of treatment effectiveness (e. g., blood eosinophil level, IgE, FeNO, and exacerbation frequency) were analyzed for each group of biological drugs, and the importance of early initiation of therapy was emphasized to achieve maximum effect and prevent airway remodeling. Conclusion: The paradigm shift in SBA management through biological therapy, including achieving clinical remission and reducing the need for systemic corticosteroids, enables effective control in a significant proportion of patients with severe forms of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелая бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>предикторы эффективности</kwd><kwd>биологическая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>predictors of efficacy</kwd><kwd>biological therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Бронхиальная астма» (утв. 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