<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Качественная клиническая практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0519</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0519-2023-4-25-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinvest-686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-экономическая оценка способов дистанционного обучения и мониторинга уровня глюкозы в крови у взрослых пациентов с сахарным диабетом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical-economic evaluation of distance education and blood glucose level monitoring in adults with diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-0703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельяновский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelyanovskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омельяновский Виталий Владимирович, д. м. н., профессор, Генеральный директор; руководитель Центра финансов здравоохранения; зав. кафедрой экономики, управления и оценки технологий здравоохранения</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy V. Omelyanovskiy, MD, PhD, DrSci Med, professor, Director; Chief of HealthCare finance; Head of the Department for economy, management and health technologies assessment</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-1237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федяева</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fediaeva</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федяева Влада Константиновна, и. о. начальника отдела методологии разработки и экспертной оценки клинических рекомендаций</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vlada K. Fediaeva, Acting Head of Clinical guidelines methodology development and expertise</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fediaeva@rosmedex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи Минздрава России»; ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт Министерства финансов Российской Федерации»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ФГБНУ «Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья имени Н. А. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Healthсare finance of the Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation; Russian medical academy of continuing professional education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; National Research Institute of public health named by N Semashko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи Минздрава России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Омельяновский В.В., Федяева В.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Омельяновский В.В., Федяева В.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Omelyanovskiy V.V., Fediaeva V.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/686">https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/686</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Сегодня в Российской Федерации комплексная оценка технологий в здравоохранении(ОТЗ) предусмотрена только для лекарственных препаратов, а для иных медицинских вмешательств она не проводится, что затрудняет принятие управленческих решений. Цель. Данное исследование посвящено клинико-экономической эффективности дистанционного обучения и мониторинга уровня глюкозы в крови у пациентов при сахарном диабете (СД) обоих типов. Материалы и методы. Клинико-экономическое исследование выполнено в марковской модели с использованием анализа «затраты–эффективность». Смоделировано число осложнений СД в зависимости от уровня гликированного гемоглобина — либо с применением дистанционного обучения и мониторинга уровня глюкозы в крови, либо без. Рассчитаны затраты на дистанционное обучение и мониторинг уровня глюкозы в крови, а также лекарственную терапию и госпитализацию в связи с осложнениями СД с позиции системы обязательного медицинского страхования на временном горизонте до 30 лет. Результаты. Дистанционное обучение и мониторинг уровня глюкозы в крови у пациентов с СД 1-го и 2-го типа приводит к снижению количества осложнений и смертей при приемлемых дополнительных финансовых затратах с 5 года моделирования для СД 1-го типа и с 6 года моделирования для СД 2-готипа без увеличения дозы инсулина. Заключение. Клинико-экономическая целесообразность дистанционного обучения и мониторинга пациентов продемонстрирована в настоящем исследовании как при СД 1-го, так и 2-го типа. Результаты ОТЗ должны учитываться при принятии решений о финансировании рассматриваемой медицинской технологии за счёт государственных средств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in the Russian Federation has been performed for drugs, not for other medical technologies, which leads to decision making difficulties today. Aim. This study aimed to assess the clinical and economic efficiency of distance education and monitoring of blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) of both types. Materials and methods. The HTA was prepared using Markov model with a cost-effectiveness analysis methodology. The number of DM complications depending on glycated hemoglobin level with distance education and blood glucose level and without, that has been used for modeling cost of distance education and blood glucose monitoring as well as cost of drugs’ therapy and hospital admission due to DM complications with methodology and source of Obligatory Medical Insurance Fund on 30-yy horizon of modeling. Results. Distance education and blood glucose monitoring in DM patients leads to decrease in complication level as well as mortality, and acceptable additional financial costs from the 5th year of modeling for DM type 1 and from the 6thyear of modeling for type 2 without insulin dose changing. Conclusion. Clinical-economic reasonability of distance education and DM patients’ monitoring are demonstrated in this work. These results should be considered in the decision-making process for HTA budget financing.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оценка технологий здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>анализ затраты-эффективность</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>школа диабета</kwd><kwd>дистанционное обучение</kwd><kwd>дистанционный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>сохранённые годы жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health technology assessment</kwd><kwd>cost-effectiveness analysis</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>school of diabetes</kwd><kwd>distance education and monitoring</kwd><kwd>life-years saved</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Diabetes [Электронный ресурс. (дата обращения 17.05.2023)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Diabetes. accessed 17.05.2023. (In Russ.). Доступно по: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. ВОЗ публикует статистику о ведущих причинах смертности и инвалидности ‎во всем мире за период 2000–2019 гг. [Электронный ресурс. (дата обращения 17.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Word Health Organization. WHO publishs statistics on mortality and disability in the worls 2000-2019 yy. (accesed 17.05.2023). (In   uss.). Доступно по:‎ https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/09-12-2020-who-reveals-leading-causes-of-death-and-disability-worldwide-2000-2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. 10 ведущих причин смерти в мире [Электронный ресурс. (дата обращения 17.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. 10 leading reasons of death in the world (accessed 17.05.2023). (In  Russ.). Доступно по: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клинико-статистический анализ по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета. Сахар-ный диабет. 2017;20(1):13-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: clinical and statistical report according to the federal diabetes registry.  Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1):13-41. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/DM8664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федяева В.К., Омельяновский В.В., Сухоруких О.А. и др. Клинико-экономическая целесообразность терапевтического обучения (в школе диабета) пациентов с сахарным диабетом 1-го и 2-го типа. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2022(1):23-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedyaeva VK, Omelyanovskiy VV, Sukhorukikh OA, et al. Economic evaluation of therapeutic education (in diabetes school) for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Medical  Technologies.  Assessment  and  Choice. 2022;(1):23-33. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/medtech20224401123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charpentier G, Benhamou PY, Dardari D, et al. The Diabeo software enabling individualized insulin dose adjustments combined with telemedicine support improves HbA1c in poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients: a 6-month, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter trial (TeleDiab 1 Study). Diabetes Care. 2011 Mar;34(3):533-9. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charpentier G, Benhamou PY, Dardari D, et al. The Diabeo software enabling individualized insulin dose adjustments combined with telemedicine support improves HbA1c in poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients: a 6-month, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter trial (TeleDiab 1 Study).  Diabetes Care.  2011 Mar;34(3):533-9. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirwan M, Vandelanotte C, Fenning A, Duncan MJ. Diabetes self-management smartphone application for adults with type 1 diabetes: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res . 2013 Nov 13;15(11):e235. doi:10.2196/jmir.2588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirwan M, Vandelanotte C, Fenning A, Duncan MJ. Diabetes self-management smartphone application for adults with type 1 diabetes: randomized controlled trial.  J Med Internet Res . 2013 Nov 13;15(11):e235. doi:10.2196/jmir.2588.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou P, Xu L, Liu X, Huang J, Xu W, Chen W. Web-based telemedicine for management of type 2 diabetes through glucose uploads: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Dec 1;7(12):8848-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou P, Xu L, Liu X, Huang J, Xu W, Chen W. Web-based telemedicine for management of type 2 diabetes through glucose uploads: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Pathol.  2014 Dec 1;7(12):8848-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hee-Sung K. Impact of Web-based nurse's education on glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jul;16(7):1361-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01506.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hee-Sung K. Impact of Web-based nurse's education on glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Nurs.  2007 Jul;16(7):1361-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01506.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crowley MJ, Edelman D, McAndrew AT, et al. Practical Telemedicine for Veterans with Persistently Poor Diabetes Control: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Telemed J E Health. 2016 May;22(5):376-84. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crowley MJ, Edelman D, McAndrew AT, et al. Practical Telemedicine for Veterans with Persistently Poor Diabetes Control: A Randomized Pilot Trial.  Telemed  J  E  Health. 2016 May;22(5):376-84. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon KH, Kim HS. A short message service by cellular phone in type 2 diabetic patients for 12 months. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Feb;79(2):256-61. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon KH, Kim HS. A short message service by cellular phone in type 2 diabetic patients for 12 months.  Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Feb;79(2):256-61. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безденежных Т.П., Омельяновский В.В., Мусина Н.З. и др. Теоретические подходы к определению порога готовности платить за технологии здравоохраненияю. Фармация. 2018;67(8):9-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezdenezhnykh TP, Omelyanovsky VV, Musina NZ, et al. Theoretical approaches to determining the willingness-to-pay threshold for health technologies.  Farmatsiya (Pharmacy). 2018;67(8):9-15. (In Russ.). doi: 10.29296/25419218-2018-08-02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеленова О.В. Современные методы исследования порога готовности платить в сфере здравоохранения. Менеджер здравоохранения. 2011;(6):61-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelenova OV. Current methods for investigation willingness to pay for the Health care.  Manager of healthcare. 2011;(6):61-69. (In Russ.). doi: 10.35567/1999-4508-2018-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Национальные счета. Валовой внутренний продукт, годовые данные (в текущих ценах) [Электронный ресурс.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal State statistical servise. National GDP, annual data (current prices) (In Russ.). Доступно по: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/94cQBbmp/tab1.htm (дата обращения: 26.02.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Демография. [Электронный ресурс.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal State statistical servise. Demography (In Russ.). Доступно по: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/12781 (дата обращения: 17.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. и др. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: распространенность, заболеваемость, смертность, параметры углеводного обмена и структура сахароснижающей терапии по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета, статус 2017 г. Сахарный диабет . 2018;21(3):144-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov  II, Shestakova M, Vikulova OK, et al. Diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: prevalence, morbidity, mortality, parameters of glycaemic control and structure of glucose lowering therapy according to the Federal Diabetes Register, status 2017.  Diabetes mellitus. 2018;21(3):144-159. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM9686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калашников В.Ю., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В. и др. Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у больных сахарным диабетом, по данным федерального регистра Российской Федерации (2013–2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет . 2019;22(2):105-114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalashnikov VY, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases among patients with diabetes mellitus according to the federal diabetes register of the Russian Federation (2013–2016). Diabetes mellitus. 2019;22(2):105-114. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/DM10167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шамхалова М.Ш., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В. и др. Эпидемиология хронической болезни почек в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра взрослых пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013–2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет . 2018;21(3):160-169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamkhalova MS, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016).  Diabetes mellitus. 2018;21(3):160-169. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM9687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липатов Д.В., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В. и др. Эпидемиология диабетической ретинопатии в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013–2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет . 2018;21(4):230-240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipatov DV, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016).  Diabetes mellitus . 2018;21(4):230-240 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/DM9797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галстян Г.Р., Викулова О.К., Исаков М.А. и др. Эпидемиология синдрома диабетической стопы и ампутаций нижних конечностей в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра больных сахарным диабетом (2013–2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет. 2018;21(3):170-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galstyan GR, Vikulova OK, Isakov MA, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot and lower limb amputations in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016). Diabetes mellitus. 2018;21(3):170-177 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/DM9688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Майоров А.Ю., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В. и др. Эпидемиология острых осложнений (комы) по данным Федерального регистра больных сахарным диабетом Российской Федерации (2013-2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет . 2018;21(6):444-454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayorov AY, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Epidemiology of acute diabetes complications (coma) according to the Federal Diabetes register of the Russian Federation (2013–2016).  Diabetes mellitus. 2018;21(6):444-454. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/DM10028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">«Федеральный Регистр сахарного диабета» РФ, данные 2020 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Federal Diabetes mellitus register. Data on 2020 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ADVANCE Collaborative Group; Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2560-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ADVANCE Collaborative Group; Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2560-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group; Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group; Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.  N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галстян Г.Р., Майоров А.Ю., Мельникова О.Г. и др. Клиническая оценка внедрения первой пилотной Российской интегрированной программы комплексного подхода к управлению сахарным диабетом «НОРМА». Сахарный диабет . 2023;26(1):30-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galstyan GR, Mayorov AY, Melnikova OG, et al. Clinical evaluation of the implemen-tation of the first pilot Russian integrated program for an integrated approach to the management of diabetes mellitus “NORMA”. Diabetes melli-tus. 2023;26(1):30-38. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/DM13008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000 Aug 12;321(7258):405-12. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study.  BMJ.  2000 Aug 12;321(7258):405-12. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Health Quality Ontario. Continuous Monitoring of Glucose for Type 1 Diabetes: A Health Technology Assessment. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2018 Feb 21;18(2):1-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Health Quality Ontario. Continuous Monitoring of Glucose for Type 1 Diabetes: A Health Technology Assessment. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2018 Feb 21;18(2):1-160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Nov;66(5):884-930. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis.  2015 Nov;66(5):884-930. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Омельяновский В.В., Авксеньева М.В., Сура М.В. и др. Методические рекомендации по проведению сравнительной клинико-экономической оценки лекарственного препарата. ФГБУ «ЦЭККМП». 2016. — 20 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omelyanovskiy VV, Avksentyeva MV, Sura MV, et al. Guidelines for clinical-economic evaluation of medicine. FGBU. 2016. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fitzner KK, Heckinger E, Tulas KM, et al. Telehealth technologies: changing the way we deliver efficacious and cost-effective diabetes self-management education. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014 Nov;25(4):1853-97. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fitzner KK, Heckinger E, Tulas KM, et al. Telehealth technologies: changing the way we deliver efficacious and cost-effective diabetes self-management education. J Health Care Poor Underserved.  2014 Nov;25(4):1853-97. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mounié M, Costa N, Gourdy P, et al. Correction to: Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of a Remote Monitoring Programme Including Lifestyle Education Software in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the Educ@dom Study. Diabetes Ther. 2022 May;13(5):1131-1132. doi: 10.1007/s13300-022-01248-6. Erratum for: Diabetes Ther. 2022 Apr;13(4):693-708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mounié M, Costa N, Gourdy P, et al. Correction to: Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of a Remote Monitoring Programme Including Lifestyle Education Software in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the Educ@dom Study. Diabetes Ther. 2022 May;13(5):1131-1132. doi: 10.1007/s13300-022-01248-6. Erratum for: Diabetes Ther. 2022 Apr;13(4):693-708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rinaldi G, Hijazi A, Haghparast-Bidgoli H. Cost and cost-effectiveness of mHealth interventions for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Apr;162:108084. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rinaldi G, Hijazi A, Haghparast-Bidgoli H. Cost and cost-effectiveness of mHealth interventions for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.  Diabetes  Res  Clin  Pract. 2020 Apr;162:108084. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
