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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Качественная клиническая практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0519</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8473</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24411/2588-0519-2019-10076</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinvest-455</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциация антихолинергическои когнитивной нагрузки с назначением потенциально не рекомендованных лекарственных средств и частотой госпитализации пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Association of anticholinergic cognitive load with the appointment of potentially not recommended drugs and the frequency of hospitalization of elderly and senile patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Раджави</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Rajawi</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Раджави Али - аспирант кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Al-Ragawi Ali - Postgraduate Student, Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, RUDN University.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alirajawi4075@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зырянов Сергей Кенсаринович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой общей и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН.</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 2725-9981</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zyryanov Sergey - MD, professor, Head of Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, RUDN University.</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN-code: 2725-9981</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушкалова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushkalova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ушкалова Елена Андреевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ushkalova Elena - MD, PhD, professor of the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Institute of the RUDN University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутранова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butranova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутранова Ольга Игоревна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butranova Olga - PhD, associated professor of the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology of the RUDN University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-3636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Переверзев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pereverzev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Переверзев Антон Павлович - кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической фармакологии и фармакотерапии ФГБОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МР, ОСП РГНКЦ, член Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров (РАГГ).</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pereverzev Anton - PhD, Researcher of the Laboratory of clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy of the Pirogov RNRMU, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Member RAGG.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов» (Медицинский институт)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Medical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов» (Медицинский институт); Государственное бюджетное учреждение города Москвы Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Medical Institute; State Budgetary Institution of the City of Moscow City Clinical Hospital No. 24 of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аль-Раджави А.М., Зырянов С.К., Ушкалова Е.А., Бутранова О.И., Переверзев А.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аль-Раджави А.М., Зырянов С.К., Ушкалова Е.А., Бутранова О.И., Переверзев А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Al-Rajawi A.M., Zyryanov S.K., Ushkalova E.A., Butranova O.I., Pereverzev A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/455">https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/455</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Практика фармакотерапии пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста характеризуется достаточно широким применением лекарственных средств с антихолинергическими свойствами. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что совокупная антихолинергическая когнитивная нагрузка коррелирует с риском развития нежелательных явлений и может служить фактором повышения частоты госпитализации в данной категории пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить распространённость назначения антихолинергических препаратов в популяции пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста, проанализировать факторы, ассоциированные с антихолинергическим когнитивным бременем.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Был проведён ретроспективный фармакоэпидемиологический анализ данных медицинской документации 401 пациента &gt;65 лет, проходившего лечение в стационарных учреждениях г. Москвы в период с 1 июня по 30 декабря 2017 года. Антихолинергические препараты идентифицировались с использованием шкалы когнитивной антихолинергической нагрузки, Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (АСВ) [Anticholinergic cognitive burden scale. Aging Brain Care. 2012 Update Developed by the Aging Brain Program of the Indiana University Center for Aging Research]. Статистический анализ включал бинарную логистическую регрессию для определения факторов, связанных с применением антихолинергических препаратов в исследуемой популяции. Данные представлены с использованием отношения шансов с 95 % доверительными интервалами (95 % ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ включал данные 401 пациента, средний возраст составил 77,4 (±7,2) года, 72,1 % были женщины, медиана (IQR) числа сопутствующих заболеваний на одного пациента — 3 (0-5), медиана числа лекарственных назначений на одного пациента — 2 (0-4). Наиболее распространённые патологические состояния включали хроническую сердечную недостаточность, гипертонию, цереброваскулярные заболевания, ишемическую болезнь сердца. Полипрагмазия наблюдалась у 36,7 % пациентов. Антихолинергическая нагрузка согласно шкале АСВ была обнаружена у 41,9 % пациентов (ДИ 95 %: 41,1-42,7). Средний балл по шкале ACB составил 0,71 ± 0,06 (IQR 1-7). Чаще всего отмечалось назначение следующих групп препаратов с антихолинергическими свойствами: сердечно-сосудистые лекарственные средства — 51,47 %, пероральные антикоагулянты — 23,4 %. Вероятность воздействия ACB составила 1,47 (ДИ 95 % = 1,33-1,63). Назначение препаратов с антихолинергической нагрузкой не было связано с увеличением частоты госпитализации (ОШ: 0,83, р=0,089). Пациенты с баллом по шкале АСВ, отличным от 0, имели более высокие показатели назначения потенциально не рекомендованных лекарственных средств (ПНЛС) (ОШ: 1,29, p=0,02). Была выявлена ассоциация полипрагмазии с высокими показателями по шкале ACB (p=0,001). Не было обнаружено связи антихолинергической нагрузки c пропуском назначения потенциально показанных пациенту ЛС (ППЛС), с возрастом и полом пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Анализ фармакотерапии пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста продемонстрировал высокие показатели распространённости назначения препаратов с потенциальными антихолинергическими эффектами, согласно данным экспериментальных исследований по оценке связывания ЛС с М-холинорецепто-рами (группа препаратов уровня 1 по шкале АСВ, оцениваемая в 1 балл). Не было выявлено ассоциации назначения антихолинергических препаратов с повышением риска госпитализаций и числом сопутствующих заболеваний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Actuality</title><p>Actuality. The pharmacotherapy practice in elderly and senile patients is characterized by a widespread use of drugs with anticholinergic properties. Available data indicate that the combined anticholinergic cognitive burden correlates with the risk of adverse events and may serve as a factor in increasing the frequency of hospitalization in elderly patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To examine the prevalence of anticholinergic medications and factors associated with anticholinergic cognitive burden in this study population.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A retrospective pharmacoepidemiological analysis of medical records of 401 patients &gt;65 years of age, hospitalized in Moscow in the period from 1st of June to 30th of December, 2017, was performed. Anticholinergic drugs were identified using Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) [Anticholinergic cognitive burden scale. Aging Brain Care. 2012 Update Developed by the Aging Brain Program of the Indiana University Center for Aging Research]. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify significantly the factors associated with anticholinergic medication use in the study population. Data were presented using odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Four hundred one patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 77.4 (±7.2) years, 72.1 % were female, the median (IQR) of comorbidities per patient was 3 (0-5), the median of the number of prescribed medications per patient was 2 (0-4). The most common pathological conditions included chronic heart failure, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease. Polypharmacy was observed in 36.7% of patients. according to the ACB scale, 41.9 % of patients were exposed to ACB-contributing medicines (95 % CI: 41.1-42.7). Mean ACB score was 0.71 ± 0.06 (IQR 1-7). The most commonly prescribed ACB- contributing medications were cardiovascular agents — 51.47 %; and oral anticoagulants — 23.4 %. The odds of ACB exposure was 1.47 (CI 95 % = 1.33-1.63). The prescription of drugs with anticholinergic burden was not associated with an increase in the frequency of hospitalization (OR: 0.83, p = 0.089). Patients with ACB&gt;0 had higher levels of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) (OR: 1.29, p = 0.02). An association of polypharmacy with high ACB scores was found (p = 0.001). No association was observed between potentially prescribing omission (PPOs), age and gender with Anticholinergic burden (ACB).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Pharmacotherapy analysis of elderly and senile patients showed high prevalence rates of prescribing drugs with potential anticholinergic effects of level 1 according to ACB scale). There was no association between prescribing anticholinergics with an increased risk of hospitalization and the number of concomitant diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антихолинергическая когнитивная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста</kwd><kwd>полипрагмазия</kwd><kwd>фармакоэпидемиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anticholinergic cognitive load</kwd><kwd>elderly and senile patients</kwd><kwd>polypharmacy</kwd><kwd>pharmacoepidemiology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chew ML, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, et al. Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults. JAm Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1333-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chew ML, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, et al. Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults. 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