clinvestКачественная клиническая практикаKachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice2588-05192618-8473ООО «Издательство ОКИclinvest-397Research ArticleФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКАPHARMACOECONOMICSСравнительная характеристика препаратов ванкомицина, зарегистрированных в РФhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-8290БелоусовД. Ю.

генеральный директор

SPIN-код: 6067-9067

clinvest@mail.ruБелоусовЮ. Б.clinvest@mail.ruСелютинО. А.clinvest@mail.ruФилипповаО. В.clinvest@mail.ruООО "Центр фармакоэкономических исследований", г. МоскваRussian FederationГОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова», МоскваRussian Federation20090607201804397Copyright © Белоусов Д.Ю., Белоусов Ю.Б., Селютин О.А., Филиппова О.В., 20182018Белоусов Д.Ю., Белоусов Ю.Б., Селютин О.А., Филиппова О.В.Белоусов Д.Ю., Белоусов Ю.Б., Селютин О.А., Филиппова О.В.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/397

Целью настоящей работы явилась экспертная оценка эквивалентности требований к качеству препаратов ванкомицина (по состоянию на 15 сентября 2008 г.):

Необходимостью в проведении этого исследования являлось то, что при регистрации лекарственных препаратов каждый производитель дженерика регистрирует собственный вариант требуемой документации. В результате требования к качеству различных дженериков могут быть различны. Анализ нормативной документации (НД) проводился с использованием инструкций к препаратам и паспортов качества.

Программа исследования проводилась по следующему алгоритму:

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы

В ходе исследования был проведен расширенный информационный поиск в биомедицинских базах данных Embase, RxList, MedWatch, Cochrane Collaboration, списках литературы оригинальных обзоров и статей; производился анализ реферативных данных; отбирались публикации, содержащие информацию о клинических исследованиях, обзоры о применении ванкомицина и его побочных эффектах.

Анализ нормативной документации проводился по базе данных Воронежского ЦККиСЛС, с использованием инструкций к препаратам и паспортов качества.

фармэкспертизаванкомицинReferencesGriffith R.S. Vancomycin use - an historical review. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1984; 14 (suppl D): 1-5.Griffith R.S. Vancomycin use - an historical review. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1984; 14 (suppl D): 1-5.Белобородов В.Б. Сепсис, вызванный грамположительными бактериями: современное значение гликопептидных антибиотиков. Инфекции и антимикробная терапия, 2001, том 3, № 3.Белобородов В.Б. Сепсис, вызванный грамположительными бактериями: современное значение гликопептидных антибиотиков. Инфекции и антимикробная терапия, 2001, том 3, № 3.Rotschafer J.C., Crossley K., Zaske D.E. et al. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin: observations in 28 patients and dosage recommendations. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1982; 22: 391-394.Rotschafer J.C., Crossley K., Zaske D.E. et al. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin: observations in 28 patients and dosage recommendations. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1982; 22: 391-394.Robert F. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and streptogramins. In: Principles and practice of infectious disease, 5th ed., vol. 1. Philadelphia: Churchill-Livingstone, 2000: 382-388.Robert F. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and streptogramins. In: Principles and practice of infectious disease, 5th ed., vol. 1. Philadelphia: Churchill-Livingstone, 2000: 382-388.John J.F. Jr., McNeill W.F. Activity of cephalosporins against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci: minimal effect of beta-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1980; 17: 179-183.John J.F. Jr., McNeill W.F. Activity of cephalosporins against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci: minimal effect of beta-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1980; 17: 179-183.Craven D.E., Kollisch N.R., Hsieh C.R., Connolly M.G. Jr., McCabe W.R. Vancomycin treatment of bacteremia caused by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: comparison with beta-lactam antibiotic treatment of bacteremia caused by oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. J. Infect. Dis. 1983; 147: 137-143.Craven D.E., Kollisch N.R., Hsieh C.R., Connolly M.G. Jr., McCabe W.R. Vancomycin treatment of bacteremia caused by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: comparison with beta-lactam antibiotic treatment of bacteremia caused by oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. J. Infect. Dis. 1983; 147: 137-143.Morse G.D., Nairn D.K., Bertino J.S., Walshe J.J. Overestimation of vancomycin concentrations utilizing f luorescence polarization immunoassay in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Ther. Drug. Monit 1987; 9, 212-215.Morse G.D., Nairn D.K., Bertino J.S., Walshe J.J. Overestimation of vancomycin concentrations utilizing f luorescence polarization immunoassay in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Ther. Drug. Monit 1987; 9, 212-215.Darko W., Pharm D., Joseph J. Adrienne Smith, Pharm D., Roy Guharoy, Pharm D., David F. Lehmann, M.D., Pharm.D., Mississippi Mud No More: Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacokinetic Dosage Adjustment of Vancomycin to Prevent Nephrotoxicity, Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 23(5), 643-650.Darko W., Pharm D., Joseph J. Adrienne Smith, Pharm D., Roy Guharoy, Pharm D., David F. Lehmann, M.D., Pharm.D., Mississippi Mud No More: Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacokinetic Dosage Adjustment of Vancomycin to Prevent Nephrotoxicity, Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 23(5), 643-650.Pons V.G., Denlinger S.L., Guglielmo B.J., Octavio J., Flaherty J., Derish P.A., Wilson C.B. Ceftrizoxime versus vancomycin and gentamycin in neurosurgical prophylaxis: a randomized, prospec tive, blinded clinical study. Neurosurgery, 1993, 33(3), 416-422, discussion 422-423.Pons V.G., Denlinger S.L., Guglielmo B.J., Octavio J., Flaherty J., Derish P.A., Wilson C.B. Ceftrizoxime versus vancomycin and gentamycin in neurosurgical prophylaxis: a randomized, prospec tive, blinded clinical study. Neurosurgery, 1993, 33(3), 416-422, discussion 422-423.Small P.M., Chambers H.F. Vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1990, 34, 1227-1231.Small P.M., Chambers H.F. Vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1990, 34, 1227-1231.Cantoni L., Glauser M.P., Bille J. Comparative efficacy of daptomycin, vancomycin and cloxacillin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rats and role of test condition in this determination. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1990, 34, 2248-2253.Cantoni L., Glauser M.P., Bille J. Comparative efficacy of daptomycin, vancomycin and cloxacillin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rats and role of test condition in this determination. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1990, 34, 2248-2253.American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever and Infective Endocarditis. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Circulation, 1984, 70, 1123-1124.American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever and Infective Endocarditis. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Circulation, 1984, 70, 1123-1124.Maki D.G., Bohn M.J., Stolz S.M., Kroncke G.M., Acher C.W., Myerowitz P.D. Comparative study of cefazolin, cefamandole and vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis in cardiac and vascular oper ations: a double-blind randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1992, 104, 1423-1434.Maki D.G., Bohn M.J., Stolz S.M., Kroncke G.M., Acher C.W., Myerowitz P.D. Comparative study of cefazolin, cefamandole and vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis in cardiac and vascular oper ations: a double-blind randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1992, 104, 1423-1434.Li Z., Wilke R.J., Pinto L.A., Rittenhouse B.E., Rubak M.J., Pleil A.M., Crouch C.W., Hafkin B., Glick H.A. Compartison of length of hospital stay for patients with known or suspected methi-cillin-resistant Staphylococcus species infections treated with linezolid or vancomycin: a randomized, multicenter trial. Pharmacother., 2001, Mar, 21(3), 263-274.Li Z., Wilke R.J., Pinto L.A., Rittenhouse B.E., Rubak M.J., Pleil A.M., Crouch C.W., Hafkin B., Glick H.A. Compartison of length of hospital stay for patients with known or suspected methi-cillin-resistant Staphylococcus species infections treated with linezolid or vancomycin: a randomized, multicenter trial. Pharmacother., 2001, Mar, 21(3), 263-274.Viladrich P.F., Gudiol F., Linares J., Pallares R., Sabate I., Rufi G., Ariza J. Evaluation of vancomycin for therapy of adult pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicr. Agents & Chemother., 1991, Dec, 35(12), 2467-2472.Viladrich P.F., Gudiol F., Linares J., Pallares R., Sabate I., Rufi G., Ariza J. Evaluation of vancomycin for therapy of adult pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicr. Agents & Chemother., 1991, Dec, 35(12), 2467-2472.Ткачик И.П. Современная антибиотикотерапия нозокомиальных менингитов в нейрохирургии. Бюллетень Украинской Ассоциации Нейрохирургов, 1999, 1(8).Ткачик И.П. Современная антибиотикотерапия нозокомиальных менингитов в нейрохирургии. Бюллетень Украинской Ассоциации Нейрохирургов, 1999, 1(8).R. de Groot. Место новых антибиотиков в лечении бактериальных инфекций у детей. РМЖ, 1997, Том 5, № 1.R. de Groot. Место новых антибиотиков в лечении бактериальных инфекций у детей. РМЖ, 1997, Том 5, № 1.Levy J.H., Marty A.T. Vancomycin and adverse drug reactions. Crit. Care. Med., 1993, 21, 1107-1108.Levy J.H., Marty A.T. Vancomycin and adverse drug reactions. Crit. Care. Med., 1993, 21, 1107-1108.Hassaballa H., Mallick N., Orlowski J. Vancomycin anaphylaxis in a patient with vancomycin-induced red man syndrome. Am. J. Ther., 2000, Sep, 7(5), 319-320.Hassaballa H., Mallick N., Orlowski J. Vancomycin anaphylaxis in a patient with vancomycin-induced red man syndrome. Am. J. Ther., 2000, Sep, 7(5), 319-320.Wazny L.D., Daghigh B. Desensitization protocols for vancomycin hypersensitivity. Ann.Pharmacother., 2001, Nov, 35(11), 1458-1464.Wazny L.D., Daghigh B. Desensitization protocols for vancomycin hypersensitivity. Ann.Pharmacother., 2001, Nov, 35(11), 1458-1464.Chopra N. Oppenheimer J. Derimanov GS. Fine PL. Vancomycin anaphylaxis and successful desensitization in a patient with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis by maintaining steady antibi otic levels. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2000, Jun 84(6), 633-635.Chopra N. Oppenheimer J. Derimanov GS. Fine PL. Vancomycin anaphylaxis and successful desensitization in a patient with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis by maintaining steady antibi otic levels. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2000, Jun 84(6), 633-635.Cunha B.A. Vancomycin. Med. Clin. N. Am., 1995; 79: 817-831.Cunha B.A. Vancomycin. Med. Clin. N. Am., 1995; 79: 817-831.Polk R..E. Red man syndrome. Ann. Pharmacother. 1998, Jul-Aug, 32(7-8), 840.Polk R..E. Red man syndrome. Ann. Pharmacother. 1998, Jul-Aug, 32(7-8), 840.Levy M. Koren G. Red man syndrome after vancomycin. Harefuah, 1992, Jan 1, 122(1), 36-39.Levy M. Koren G. Red man syndrome after vancomycin. Harefuah, 1992, Jan 1, 122(1), 36-39.Polk R.E., Israel D., Wang J., Venitz J., Miller J.,Stotka J. Vancomycin skin tests and prediction of “red man syndrome” in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1993, 37, 2139-2143.Polk R.E., Israel D., Wang J., Venitz J., Miller J.,Stotka J. Vancomycin skin tests and prediction of “red man syndrome” in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1993, 37, 2139-2143.Polk R.E., Healy D.P., Schwartz L.B., Rock D.T., Garson M.L., Roller K. Vancomycin and the red-man syndrom: pharmacodinamics of histamine release. J.Infect.Dis., 1988, 157, 502-507.Polk R.E., Healy D.P., Schwartz L.B., Rock D.T., Garson M.L., Roller K. Vancomycin and the red-man syndrom: pharmacodinamics of histamine release. J.Infect.Dis., 1988, 157, 502-507.O’Sullivan T.L., Ruffing M.J., Lamp K.C., Warbasse L.H., Rybak M.J. Prospective evaluation of red man syndrome in patients receiving vancomycin. J. Infect. Dis., 1993; 168: 773-776.O’Sullivan T.L., Ruffing M.J., Lamp K.C., Warbasse L.H., Rybak M.J. Prospective evaluation of red man syndrome in patients receiving vancomycin. J. Infect. Dis., 1993; 168: 773-776.Valero R., Gomar C., Fita G., Gonzalez M., Pacheco M., Mulet J., Nalda M.A. Adverse reactions to vancomycin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery. J. Cardiothoracic. & Vascular Anesthesia, 1991, Dec, 5(6), 574-576.Valero R., Gomar C., Fita G., Gonzalez M., Pacheco M., Mulet J., Nalda M.A. Adverse reactions to vancomycin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery. J. Cardiothoracic. & Vascular Anesthesia, 1991, Dec, 5(6), 574-576.Roelofse J.A., Joubert J.J. Anaphylactoid reaction to vancomycin: report of a case. J.Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 1989, Jan, 47(1), 69-71.Roelofse J.A., Joubert J.J. Anaphylactoid reaction to vancomycin: report of a case. J.Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 1989, Jan, 47(1), 69-71.Mary B. Ross, Red Man Syndrome: A Preventable Adverse Drug Reaction&T News: 1993, December, Vol. 14, No. 6.Mary B. Ross, Red Man Syndrome: A Preventable Adverse Drug Reaction&T News: 1993, December, Vol. 14, No. 6.Wallace, M., Mascola, J., & Oldfiels III, E. (1991). Red-man syndrome: Incidence, etiology, and prophylaxis. J. Infec. Dis., 164(1), 180.Wallace, M., Mascola, J., & Oldfiels III, E. (1991). Red-man syndrome: Incidence, etiology, and prophylaxis. J. Infec. Dis., 164(1), 180.Duffy B.L. Vancomycin reaction during spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 2002, Jun, 30(3), 364-366.Duffy B.L. Vancomycin reaction during spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 2002, Jun, 30(3), 364-366.Pau A.K., Khakoo R. Red neck syndrome with a slow infusion of vancomycin. N. Engl. J. Med., 1985; 313: 756-757.Pau A.K., Khakoo R. Red neck syndrome with a slow infusion of vancomycin. N. Engl. J. Med., 1985; 313: 756-757.Duffull S.B., Begg E.J. Vancomycin toxicity. What is the evidence for dose dependency. Adverse Drugs React. Toxicol. Rev., 1994, 13, 103-114.Duffull S.B., Begg E.J. Vancomycin toxicity. What is the evidence for dose dependency. Adverse Drugs React. Toxicol. Rev., 1994, 13, 103-114.Pearson D.A. “Red man syndrome” with vancomycin: a report case. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 1989, 118, 59-60.Pearson D.A. “Red man syndrome” with vancomycin: a report case. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 1989, 118, 59-60.Polk R.E. Anaphylactoid reactions to glycopeptide antibiotics. J. Antimicrob.Chemother., 1991, Apr, 27 Suppl B, 17-29.Polk R.E. Anaphylactoid reactions to glycopeptide antibiotics. J. Antimicrob.Chemother., 1991, Apr, 27 Suppl B, 17-29.Rocha J. L. L.; Kondo W.; Baptista M., Cunha C.A., Martins L.T., Uncommon vancomycin-induced side effects, Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002, 4, Aug, 6.Rocha J. L. L.; Kondo W.; Baptista M., Cunha C.A., Martins L.T., Uncommon vancomycin-induced side effects, Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002, 4, Aug, 6.Renz, C., Laroche, D., et al. (1998). Clinical investigations: Tryptase levels are not increased during vancomycin-induced anaphylactoid reactions. Anesthesiology, 1989 (3), 620.Renz, C., Laroche, D., et al. (1998). Clinical investigations: Tryptase levels are not increased during vancomycin-induced anaphylactoid reactions. Anesthesiology, 1989 (3), 620.Renz, C., Thurn, J., et al. (1999). Clinical investigations: Antihistamine prophylaxis permits rapid vancomycin infusion. Crit. Care. Med., 27(9), 1732.Renz, C., Thurn, J., et al. (1999). Clinical investigations: Antihistamine prophylaxis permits rapid vancomycin infusion. Crit. Care. Med., 27(9), 1732.Leader W.G., Chandler M.H.H., Castiglia M. Pharmacokinetic optimization of vancomycin therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28: 327-342.Leader W.G., Chandler M.H.H., Castiglia M. Pharmacokinetic optimization of vancomycin therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28: 327-342.de Bock V., Verbeelen D., Maes V., Sennesael J. Pharmacokinetics of patients undergoing hemodialysis and hemofiltration. Nephrol. Dia. Transplant., 1989; 4: 635-639.de Bock V., Verbeelen D., Maes V., Sennesael J. Pharmacokinetics of patients undergoing hemodialysis and hemofiltration. Nephrol. Dia. Transplant., 1989; 4: 635-639.Killian A.D., Sahai J.V., Memish Z.A. Red man syndrome after oral vancomycin. Ann. Inter.Med., 1991, Sep 1, 115(5), 410-411.Killian A.D., Sahai J.V., Memish Z.A. Red man syndrome after oral vancomycin. Ann. Inter.Med., 1991, Sep 1, 115(5), 410-411.Freeman C.D., Quitiliani R., Nightingale C.H. Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring: is it necessary? Ann Pharmacother 1993; 27: 594-598.Freeman C.D., Quitiliani R., Nightingale C.H. Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring: is it necessary? Ann Pharmacother 1993; 27: 594-598.Korman, T., Turnidge, J., & Grayson, M. (1997). Risk factors for cutaneous reactions associated with intravenous vancomycin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39(3), 371.Korman, T., Turnidge, J., & Grayson, M. (1997). Risk factors for cutaneous reactions associated with intravenous vancomycin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39(3), 371.Cohen E., Dadashev A., Drucker M., Samra Z., Rubinstein E., Garty M. Once-daily versus twice-daily intravenous administration of vancomycin for infections in hospitalized patients. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2002, 49(1), 155-160.Cohen E., Dadashev A., Drucker M., Samra Z., Rubinstein E., Garty M. Once-daily versus twice-daily intravenous administration of vancomycin for infections in hospitalized patients. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2002, 49(1), 155-160.Vidal C., Quintela A.G., Fuente R. Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to vancomycin. Ann. Allergy, 1992, 68, 345-347.Vidal C., Quintela A.G., Fuente R. Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to vancomycin. Ann. Allergy, 1992, 68, 345-347.Khurana C. de Belder M.A. Red-man syndrome after vancomycin: potential cross-reactivity with teicoplanin. Postgrad. Med. J., 1999, Jan, 75(879), 41-43.Khurana C. de Belder M.A. Red-man syndrome after vancomycin: potential cross-reactivity with teicoplanin. Postgrad. Med. J., 1999, Jan, 75(879), 41-43.Garrelts J.C., Smith D.F. Jr., Ast D. LaRocca J. Peterie JD. Phlebitis associated with vancomycin therapy. Clin. Pharmacy, 1988 Oct, 7(10), 720-721.Garrelts J.C., Smith D.F. Jr., Ast D. LaRocca J. Peterie JD. Phlebitis associated with vancomycin therapy. Clin. Pharmacy, 1988 Oct, 7(10), 720-721.Wang L.S., Liu C.Y., Wang F.D., Fung C.P., Chiu Z.H., Cheng D.L. Chromatographically purified vancomycin: therapy of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and other gram-positive bacteria. Clin.Therapeutics, 1988, 10(5), 574-584.Wang L.S., Liu C.Y., Wang F.D., Fung C.P., Chiu Z.H., Cheng D.L. Chromatographically purified vancomycin: therapy of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and other gram-positive bacteria. Clin.Therapeutics, 1988, 10(5), 574-584.Wysocki M., Thomas F., Wolff M.A., Pean Y., Ravaud Y., Herman B. Comparison of continuous with discontinuous intravenous infusion of vancomycin in severe MRSA infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1995; 35: 352-354.Wysocki M., Thomas F., Wolff M.A., Pean Y., Ravaud Y., Herman B. Comparison of continuous with discontinuous intravenous infusion of vancomycin in severe MRSA infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1995; 35: 352-354.Goncalves A.J., Suzuki L.E., Moreira A.S. Antibiotic therapy: general principles, principle antibiotics, their indications and side effects. Hospital., 1971 Feb, 79(2), 307-322.Goncalves A.J., Suzuki L.E., Moreira A.S. Antibiotic therapy: general principles, principle antibiotics, their indications and side effects. Hospital., 1971 Feb, 79(2), 307-322.Di Nola F. Antibiotics. Clinical use and adverse effects. Minerva Medica, 1972, May, 63(39), 2191-2223.Di Nola F. Antibiotics. Clinical use and adverse effects. Minerva Medica, 1972, May, 63(39), 2191-2223.Vachon F., Carbon C. Reputedly nephrotoxic antibiotic therapy during severe infections. Semaine des Hopitaux, 1972, Jul, 48(31), 2249-2254.Vachon F., Carbon C. Reputedly nephrotoxic antibiotic therapy during severe infections. Semaine des Hopitaux, 1972, Jul, 48(31), 2249-2254.Wood C.A., Kohnen P.W., Gilbert D.N., Vancomycin enhancement of experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1986. July, 30 (1), 20-24.Wood C.A., Kohnen P.W., Gilbert D.N., Vancomycin enhancement of experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1986. July, 30 (1), 20-24.Wold J.S., Turnipseed S.A. Toxicology of vancomycin in laboratory animals. Rev. Infect. Dis., 1981; 3(Suppl):S224-S229.Wold J.S., Turnipseed S.A. Toxicology of vancomycin in laboratory animals. Rev. Infect. Dis., 1981; 3(Suppl):S224-S229.Aronoff G.R., Sloan R.S., Dinwiddie C.B., Glant M.D., Fineberg N.S., Lugt F.C. Effects of vancomycin on renal function in rats. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1981, 19, 306-308.Aronoff G.R., Sloan R.S., Dinwiddie C.B., Glant M.D., Fineberg N.S., Lugt F.C. Effects of vancomycin on renal function in rats. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1981, 19, 306-308.Karchmer A.W., Archer G.L., Dismukes W.E. Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthetic valve endocarditis: microbiologic and clinical observations as guide to therapy. Ann. Intern. Med. 1983; 98, 447-55.Karchmer A.W., Archer G.L., Dismukes W.E. Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthetic valve endocarditis: microbiologic and clinical observations as guide to therapy. Ann. Intern. Med. 1983; 98, 447-55.Munar M.Y., Elzinga L., Brummett R., Golper T.A., Bennett W.M. The effect of tobramycin on the renal handling of vancomycin. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1991 Jul., 31(7), 618-623.Munar M.Y., Elzinga L., Brummett R., Golper T.A., Bennett W.M. The effect of tobramycin on the renal handling of vancomycin. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1991 Jul., 31(7), 618-623.Pauly B.S., Musa D.M,. Lestica R.M., Lindstrom J.M., Hetsko M.C. Risk of nephrotoxicity with combination vancomycin-aminoglycoside antibiotic therapy. Pharmacotherapy 1990; 10(6), 378-82.Pauly B.S., Musa D.M,. Lestica R.M., Lindstrom J.M., Hetsko M.C. Risk of nephrotoxicity with combination vancomycin-aminoglycoside antibiotic therapy. Pharmacotherapy 1990; 10(6), 378-82.Rybak M.J., Albrecht L.M., Boike S.C., Chandrasekar P.H. Nephrotoxicity of vancomycin, alone and with an aminoglycoside. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1990; 25: 679-687.Rybak M.J., Albrecht L.M., Boike S.C., Chandrasekar P.H. Nephrotoxicity of vancomycin, alone and with an aminoglycoside. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1990; 25: 679-687.Downs N.J., Neihart R.E., Dolezal J.M., Hodges G.R.. Mild nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin use. Arch. Internal. Med., 1989; 149, 1777-1781.Downs N.J., Neihart R.E., Dolezal J.M., Hodges G.R.. Mild nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin use. Arch. Internal. Med., 1989; 149, 1777-1781.Salama S.E., Rotstein C. Prospective assessment of nephrotoxicity with concomitant aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy. Can. J. Hosp. Pharm., 1993, 46, 53-59.Salama S.E., Rotstein C. Prospective assessment of nephrotoxicity with concomitant aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy. Can. J. Hosp. Pharm., 1993, 46, 53-59.Bailie G.R., Neal D. Vancomycin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. A review. Med. Toxicol. Adverse. Drug. Exp., 1988, 3, 376-386.Bailie G.R., Neal D. Vancomycin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. A review. Med. Toxicol. Adverse. Drug. Exp., 1988, 3, 376-386.Farber B.F., Moellering R.C. Retrospective study of the toxicity of preparations of vancomycin from 1974 to 1981. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1983; 23: 138-141.Farber B.F., Moellering R.C. Retrospective study of the toxicity of preparations of vancomycin from 1974 to 1981. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1983; 23: 138-141.Pestotnik S.L., Classen D.C., Lloyd J.F., Burke J.P. Adverse effects of intravenous vancomycin (IVV) in hospital patients: attributable costs and excess length of stay. Presented at the 35th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, San Francisco, Sept. 14, 1997.Pestotnik S.L., Classen D.C., Lloyd J.F., Burke J.P. Adverse effects of intravenous vancomycin (IVV) in hospital patients: attributable costs and excess length of stay. Presented at the 35th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, San Francisco, Sept. 14, 1997.Rybak M.J., Cappelletty D.M., Ruffing M.J., et al. Inf luence of vancomycin serum concentrations on the outcome of patients being treated for gram-positive infections. Presented at the 37th inter-science conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1997, Sept. 29.Rybak M.J., Cappelletty D.M., Ruffing M.J., et al. Inf luence of vancomycin serum concentrations on the outcome of patients being treated for gram-positive infections. Presented at the 37th inter-science conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1997, Sept. 29.Ifhthar Koksal et. al., Vancomycin-induced lupus erythematosuslike reaction, Tr. J. of Medical Sciences., 29 (1999), 591-594.Ifhthar Koksal et. al., Vancomycin-induced lupus erythematosuslike reaction, Tr. J. of Medical Sciences., 29 (1999), 591-594.De Lalla F. Antibiotic treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients. Drugs 1997, 53(5), 789-804.De Lalla F. Antibiotic treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients. Drugs 1997, 53(5), 789-804.Matzke G.R. Vancomycin in applied pharmacokinetics: principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics, 1992, 1-31.Matzke G.R. Vancomycin in applied pharmacokinetics: principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics, 1992, 1-31.Christine M. Karam, Pharm D., Peggy S. McKinnon, Pharm.D., Melinda M. Neuhauser, Pharm.D., and Michael J. Rybak, Pharm.D., Outcome Assessment of Minimizing Vancomycin Monitoring and Dosing Adjustments, Pharmacotherapy 1999, 19(3), 257-266.Christine M. Karam, Pharm D., Peggy S. McKinnon, Pharm.D., Melinda M. Neuhauser, Pharm.D., and Michael J. Rybak, Pharm.D., Outcome Assessment of Minimizing Vancomycin Monitoring and Dosing Adjustments, Pharmacotherapy 1999, 19(3), 257-266.Kralovicova K., Spanik S., Halko J., Netriova J., Studena-Mrazova M., Novotny J., Grausova S., Koren P., Krupova I., Demitrovicova A., Kukuckova E., Krcmery Jr V: Do vancomycin serum lev els predict failures of vancomycin therapy or nephrotoxicity incancer patients? J. Chemother. 1997, 9, 420-426.Kralovicova K., Spanik S., Halko J., Netriova J., Studena-Mrazova M., Novotny J., Grausova S., Koren P., Krupova I., Demitrovicova A., Kukuckova E., Krcmery Jr V: Do vancomycin serum lev els predict failures of vancomycin therapy or nephrotoxicity incancer patients? J. Chemother. 1997, 9, 420-426.Downs N.J., Neihart R.E., Dolezal J.M., Hodges G.R. Mild nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin use. Arch. Internal. Med., 1989, 149, 1777-1781.Downs N.J., Neihart R.E., Dolezal J.M., Hodges G.R. Mild nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin use. Arch. Internal. Med., 1989, 149, 1777-1781.Birt J.K., Chandler M.H.H. Using clinical data to determine vancomycin-dosing parameters. Ther. Drug. Monit., 1990, 12, 206-209.Birt J.K., Chandler M.H.H. Using clinical data to determine vancomycin-dosing parameters. Ther. Drug. Monit., 1990, 12, 206-209.Edwards D.J., Pancorbo S. Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentration levels: waiting for proof of its value. Clin. Pharm.1987, 6, 652-654.Edwards D.J., Pancorbo S. Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentration levels: waiting for proof of its value. Clin. Pharm.1987, 6, 652-654.Rodvold K.A., Zofuka H., Rotschafer J.C. Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentration: can waiting be justified? Clin. Pharm. 1987, 6, 655-658.Rodvold K.A., Zofuka H., Rotschafer J.C. Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentration: can waiting be justified? Clin. Pharm. 1987, 6, 655-658.Fernandez de Gatta M.D., Calvo M.V., Hernandez J.M., Caballero D., San Miguel J.F., Dominguez-Gil A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of serum vancomycin concentration monitoring in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1996, 60(3), 332-40.Fernandez de Gatta M.D., Calvo M.V., Hernandez J.M., Caballero D., San Miguel J.F., Dominguez-Gil A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of serum vancomycin concentration monitoring in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1996, 60(3), 332-40.Reed L.R., Wu H.A., Miller-Crotchett P., Crotchett J., Fischer P.R. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of nephrotoxic antibiotics in surgical intensive care patients. J. Trauma. 1989, 29(11), 1462-1470.Reed L.R., Wu H.A., Miller-Crotchett P., Crotchett J., Fischer P.R. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of nephrotoxic antibiotics in surgical intensive care patients. J. Trauma. 1989, 29(11), 1462-1470.Nelson J.D. McCracken G.H., Monitoring vancomycin concentrations. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Newsletter, 1994, 20(7), 13-14.Nelson J.D. McCracken G.H., Monitoring vancomycin concentrations. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Newsletter, 1994, 20(7), 13-14.Geraci J.E., Heilman D.R., Nichols D.R., Wellman W.E. Antibiotic therapy of bacterial endocarditis. VII. Vancomycin for acute micrococcal endocarditis. Proc. Staff. Meet. Mayo. Clin., 1958, 33, 172-181.Geraci J.E., Heilman D.R., Nichols D.R., Wellman W.E. Antibiotic therapy of bacterial endocarditis. VII. Vancomycin for acute micrococcal endocarditis. Proc. Staff. Meet. Mayo. Clin., 1958, 33, 172-181.Cimino M.A., Rotstein C., Slaughter R.L., Emrich L.J. Relationship of serum antibiotic concentrations to nephrotoxicity in cancer patients receiving concurrent aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy. Am. J. Med., 1987; 83: 1091-1097.Cimino M.A., Rotstein C., Slaughter R.L., Emrich L.J. Relationship of serum antibiotic concentrations to nephrotoxicity in cancer patients receiving concurrent aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy. Am. J. Med., 1987; 83: 1091-1097.Pryka R.D., Rodvold K.A., Edman S.M. An updated comparison of drug dosing methods, part IV: vancomycin. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 1991; 20: 463-476.Pryka R.D., Rodvold K.A., Edman S.M. An updated comparison of drug dosing methods, part IV: vancomycin. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 1991; 20: 463-476.Moellering R.C. Monitoring serum vancomycin levels: climbing the mountain because it is there [editorial]. Clin. Infect. Dis., 1994; 18: 544-546.Moellering R.C. Monitoring serum vancomycin levels: climbing the mountain because it is there [editorial]. Clin. Infect. Dis., 1994; 18: 544-546.Barg N.L., Supena R.B., Fekety R. Persistent staphylococcal bacteremia in an intravenous drug abuser. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1986; 29, 209-211.Barg N.L., Supena R.B., Fekety R. Persistent staphylococcal bacteremia in an intravenous drug abuser. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1986; 29, 209-211.Koren G. Therapeutic drug monitoring principles in the neonate. Clin. Chem. 1997, 43, 222-227.Koren G. Therapeutic drug monitoring principles in the neonate. Clin. Chem. 1997, 43, 222-227.Miles M.V., Li L., Lakkis H., Youngblood J., McGinnis P. Special considerations for monitoring vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients. Ther. Drug. Monit., 1997, 19, 265-270.Miles M.V., Li L., Lakkis H., Youngblood J., McGinnis P. Special considerations for monitoring vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients. Ther. Drug. Monit., 1997, 19, 265-270.Bhatt-Mehta V. Schumacher R.E. Faix R.G. Leady M. Brenner T. Lack of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in newborn infants: a casecontrol study. Pediatrics., 1999, Apr, 103(4), 48Bhatt-Mehta V. Schumacher R.E. Faix R.G. Leady M. Brenner T. Lack of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in newborn infants: a casecontrol study. Pediatrics., 1999, Apr, 103(4), 48Pou L., Rosell M., Lopez R., Pascual C. Changes in vancomycin pharmacokinetics during treatment. Ther. Drug. Monit. 1996, 18, 149-153.Pou L., Rosell M., Lopez R., Pascual C. Changes in vancomycin pharmacokinetics during treatment. Ther. Drug. Monit. 1996, 18, 149-153.Beringer P.M., Wong-Beringer A., Rho J.P. Economic aspects of antibacterial adverse effects. Pharmacoeconomics, 1998, Jan, 13(1 Pt 1), 35-49.Beringer P.M., Wong-Beringer A., Rho J.P. Economic aspects of antibacterial adverse effects. Pharmacoeconomics, 1998, Jan, 13(1 Pt 1), 35-49.Stephen I-Hong Hsu, M.D., Ph.D. Biopsy-Proved Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Associated with Vancomycin. Pharmacotherapy 2001, 21(10), 1233-1239.Stephen I-Hong Hsu, M.D., Ph.D. Biopsy-Proved Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Associated with Vancomycin. Pharmacotherapy 2001, 21(10), 1233-1239.Codding C.E., Ramseyer L., Allon M., Pitha J., Rodriguez M. Tubulointerstitial nephritis due to vancomycin. Am. J. Kid. Dis., 1989, 14, 512-15Codding C.E., Ramseyer L., Allon M., Pitha J., Rodriguez M. Tubulointerstitial nephritis due to vancomycin. Am. J. Kid. Dis., 1989, 14, 512-15Azar R., Bakhache E,. Boldron A. Nephrologie interstitielle aigue induite par la vancomycine. Nephrologie, 1996, 17, 327-328.Azar R., Bakhache E,. Boldron A. Nephrologie interstitielle aigue induite par la vancomycine. Nephrologie, 1996, 17, 327-328.Michail S., Vaiopoulos G., Nakopoulou L., et al. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and acute interstitial nephritis after intravenous vancomycin administration in a patient with a staphylococcal infec tion. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 1998, 27, 233-235.Michail S., Vaiopoulos G., Nakopoulou L., et al. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and acute interstitial nephritis after intravenous vancomycin administration in a patient with a staphylococcal infec tion. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 1998, 27, 233-235.Wai A.O., Lo A.M.S., Abdo A., Marra F. Vancomycin-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Ann. Pharmacother., 1998, 32, 1160-1164.Wai A.O., Lo A.M.S., Abdo A., Marra F. Vancomycin-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Ann. Pharmacother., 1998, 32, 1160-1164.Hauben M., Adler C. Acute hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and eosinophilia. Ann. Intern. Med., 1995, 122, 555-556.Hauben M., Adler C. Acute hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and eosinophilia. Ann. Intern. Med., 1995, 122, 555-556.Azar R., Bakhache E., Boldron A. Nephrologie interstitielle aigue induite par la vancomycine. Nephrologie 1996, 17, 327-328.Azar R., Bakhache E., Boldron A. Nephrologie interstitielle aigue induite par la vancomycine. Nephrologie 1996, 17, 327-328.Sorrell T.C., Packham D.R., Shanker S., Foldes M., Munro R. Vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ann. Intern. Med., 1982, 97, 344-350.Sorrell T.C., Packham D.R., Shanker S., Foldes M., Munro R. Vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ann. Intern. Med., 1982, 97, 344-350.Ratner S.J., Roberts D.K. Vancomycin-induced interstitial nephritis [letter]. Am. J. Med. 1988, 84, 561-562.Ratner S.J., Roberts D.K. Vancomycin-induced interstitial nephritis [letter]. Am. J. Med. 1988, 84, 561-562.Bergman M.M., Glew R.H., Ebert T.H. Acute interstitial nephritis associated with vancomycin therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. 1988, 148, 2139-2140.Bergman M.M., Glew R.H., Ebert T.H. Acute interstitial nephritis associated with vancomycin therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. 1988, 148, 2139-2140.Marik P.E., Ferris N. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin. Pharmacology 1997, 17, 1341-1344.Marik P.E., Ferris N. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin. Pharmacology 1997, 17, 1341-1344.Nielsen H.E., Hansen H.E., Korsager B., Skov P.E. Renal excretion of vancomycinin in kidney disease. Acta. Med. Scand. 1975, Apr, 197(4), 261-264.Nielsen H.E., Hansen H.E., Korsager B., Skov P.E. Renal excretion of vancomycinin in kidney disease. Acta. Med. Scand. 1975, Apr, 197(4), 261-264.Macias W.L., Mueller B.A., Scarim S.K. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in acute renal failure: preservation of nonrenal clearance. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1991, Dec, 50(6), 688-694.Macias W.L., Mueller B.A., Scarim S.K. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in acute renal failure: preservation of nonrenal clearance. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1991, Dec, 50(6), 688-694.Allison L. Somerville, Pharm.D., David H. Wright, Pharm.D., and John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. Implications of Vancomycin Degradation Products on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease, Pharmacotherapy, 1999, 19(6), 702-707.Allison L. Somerville, Pharm.D., David H. Wright, Pharm.D., and John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. Implications of Vancomycin Degradation Products on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease, Pharmacotherapy, 1999, 19(6), 702-707.Harris C.M., Kopecka H., Harris T.M. Vancomycin: structure and transformation to CDP-1. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 6915-6922.Harris C.M., Kopecka H., Harris T.M. Vancomycin: structure and transformation to CDP-1. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 6915-6922.Marshall F.J. Structure studies on vancomycin. J. Med. Chem., 1965, 39(8), 18-22.Marshall F.J. Structure studies on vancomycin. J. Med. Chem., 1965, 39(8), 18-22.Hannah B.A., Kimmel P.L., Dosa S., Turner M.L. Vancomycin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. South. Med. J., 1990, 83, 720-722.Hannah B.A., Kimmel P.L., Dosa S., Turner M.L. Vancomycin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. South. Med. J., 1990, 83, 720-722.Packer J., Olshan A.R., Schwartz A.B. Prolonged allergic reaction to vancomycin in end-stage renal disease. Dial. Transplant., 1987, 16, 86-88.Packer J., Olshan A.R., Schwartz A.B. Prolonged allergic reaction to vancomycin in end-stage renal disease. Dial. Transplant., 1987, 16, 86-88.Laberke H.G. Treatment of acute interstitial nephritis. Klin. Wochenschr., 1980, 58, 531-532.Laberke H.G. Treatment of acute interstitial nephritis. Klin. Wochenschr., 1980, 58, 531-532.Galpin J.E., Shinaberger J.H., Stanley T.M., et al. Acute interstitial nephritis due to methicilllin. Am. J. Med., 1978, 65, 756-765.Galpin J.E., Shinaberger J.H., Stanley T.M., et al. Acute interstitial nephritis due to methicilllin. Am. J. Med., 1978, 65, 756-765.Brummett R.E. Ototoxic Liability of Erythromycin and Analogues. In Rybak L.P., ed. Ototoxicity. The Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 1993, 811-810.Brummett R.E. Ototoxic Liability of Erythromycin and Analogues. In Rybak L.P., ed. Ototoxicity. The Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 1993, 811-810.Brummett R.E. Ototoxicity of vancomycin and analogues. Otol.Clin., 1993, 26(5), 821-828Brummett R.E. Ototoxicity of vancomycin and analogues. Otol.Clin., 1993, 26(5), 821-828Lutz H. Lenarz T. Weidauer H. Federspil P. Hoth S. Ototoxicity of vancomycin: an experimental study in guinea pigs. J. Oto-Rhino-Laryng.& its Related Specialties, 1991, 53(5), 273-278.Lutz H. Lenarz T. Weidauer H. Federspil P. Hoth S. Ototoxicity of vancomycin: an experimental study in guinea pigs. J. Oto-Rhino-Laryng.& its Related Specialties, 1991, 53(5), 273-278.Russell D. Briggs Ototoxicity. Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology, 2001, November 7Russell D. Briggs Ototoxicity. Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology, 2001, November 7Klibanov O.M., Filicko J.E., DeSimone J.A.Jr., Tice D.S. Sensorineural hearing loss associated with intrathecal vancomycin. Ann.Pharmacother., 2003, Jan, 37(1), 61-65.Klibanov O.M., Filicko J.E., DeSimone J.A.Jr., Tice D.S. Sensorineural hearing loss associated with intrathecal vancomycin. Ann.Pharmacother., 2003, Jan, 37(1), 61-65.Brummett R.E., Fox K.E. Vancomycin- and erythromycin-induced hearing loss in humans. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1989, 33, 791-796.Brummett R.E., Fox K.E. Vancomycin- and erythromycin-induced hearing loss in humans. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1989, 33, 791-796.Dangerfield H.G., Hewitt W.L., Monzon O.T., Kudinoff Z., Blackman B., Finegold S.M. Clinical use of vancomycin. Antimicrob. Agents. Annu., 1960, 4, 28-37.Dangerfield H.G., Hewitt W.L., Monzon O.T., Kudinoff Z., Blackman B., Finegold S.M. Clinical use of vancomycin. Antimicrob. Agents. Annu., 1960, 4, 28-37.Geraci J.E. Vancomycin. Mayo. Clin. Proc., 1977, 52, 631-634.Geraci J.E. Vancomycin. Mayo. Clin. Proc., 1977, 52, 631-634.Gendeh B.S., Gibb A.G., Aziz N.S., Kong N., Zahir Z.M. Vancomycin administration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the risk of ototoxicity. Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1998, 118, 551-558.Gendeh B.S., Gibb A.G., Aziz N.S., Kong N., Zahir Z.M. Vancomycin administration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the risk of ototoxicity. Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1998, 118, 551-558.Rybak M.J., Abate B.J., Kang S.L., Ruffing M.J., Lerner S.A., Drusano G.L. Prospective evaluation of the effect of an am inoglycoside dosing regimen on rates of observed nephrotoxocity and oto-toxocoty. Antimicr.Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 1549-1555.Rybak M.J., Abate B.J., Kang S.L., Ruffing M.J., Lerner S.A., Drusano G.L. Prospective evaluation of the effect of an am inoglycoside dosing regimen on rates of observed nephrotoxocity and oto-toxocoty. Antimicr.Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 1549-1555.Mellor J.A., Kingdom J., Cafferkey M., Keane C. Vancomycin ototoxicity in patients with normal renal function. Br. J. Audiol. 1984, 18, 179-180.Mellor J.A., Kingdom J., Cafferkey M., Keane C. Vancomycin ototoxicity in patients with normal renal function. Br. J. Audiol. 1984, 18, 179-180.Shenep J.L. et al. Vancomycin, ticarcillin and amikacin compared with ticarcillin/clavulanate and amikacin in the empirical treatment of febrile, neutropenic children with cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 1988, 319 (16), 1053-1058.Shenep J.L. et al. Vancomycin, ticarcillin and amikacin compared with ticarcillin/clavulanate and amikacin in the empirical treatment of febrile, neutropenic children with cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 1988, 319 (16), 1053-1058.Mellor J.A., Kingdom J. et al. Vancomycin toxicity: a prospective study. J.Antimicrob.Chemother., 1985, 15, 773.Mellor J.A., Kingdom J. et al. Vancomycin toxicity: a prospective study. J.Antimicrob.Chemother., 1985, 15, 773.Kesarwala H.H., Rahill W.J., Amaram N. Vancomycin induced neutropenia [letter]. Lancet, 1981, 1, 1423.Kesarwala H.H., Rahill W.J., Amaram N. Vancomycin induced neutropenia [letter]. Lancet, 1981, 1, 1423.Borland C.D.R., Farrar W.E. Reversible neutropenia from vancomycin [letter]. JAMA 1979, 242, 2392-239Borland C.D.R., Farrar W.E. Reversible neutropenia from vancomycin [letter]. JAMA 1979, 242, 2392-239Kauffman C.A., Severance P.J., Silva J., Huard T.K. Neutropenia associated with vancomycin therapy. South. Med. J., 1982, 75, 1131-1133.Kauffman C.A., Severance P.J., Silva J., Huard T.K. Neutropenia associated with vancomycin therapy. South. Med. J., 1982, 75, 1131-1133.West B.C. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. South. Med. J. 1981, 74, 1255-1256.West B.C. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. South. Med. J. 1981, 74, 1255-1256.Strikas R., Studlo J., Venezio F.R., O’Keefe J.P. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia [letter]. J. Infect. Dis., 1982, 146, 575.Strikas R., Studlo J., Venezio F.R., O’Keefe J.P. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia [letter]. J. Infect. Dis., 1982, 146, 575.Milsteen S., Welik R., Heyman M.R. Case report: vancomycin-associated neutropenia in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1987, 294, 110-113.Milsteen S., Welik R., Heyman M.R. Case report: vancomycin-associated neutropenia in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1987, 294, 110-113.Farwell A.P., Kendall L.G., Vakil R.D., Glew R.H. Delayed appearance of vancomycin-induced neutropenia in a patient with chronic renal failure. South. Med. J., 1984, 77, 664-665.Farwell A.P., Kendall L.G., Vakil R.D., Glew R.H. Delayed appearance of vancomycin-induced neutropenia in a patient with chronic renal failure. South. Med. J., 1984, 77, 664-665.Koo K.B., Bachand R.L., Chow A.W. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharm., 1986, 23, 844-845.Koo K.B., Bachand R.L., Chow A.W. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharm., 1986, 23, 844-845.Mordenti J., Ries C., Brooks G.F., Unadkat N., Tseng A. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia complicating bone marrow recovery in a patient with leukemia. Am. J. Med. 1986, 80, 333-835.Mordenti J., Ries C., Brooks G.F., Unadkat N., Tseng A. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia complicating bone marrow recovery in a patient with leukemia. Am. J. Med. 1986, 80, 333-835.Shinohara Y.T, Colbert J. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia during treatment of endocarditis in a pediatric patient. Ann. Pharmacother. 1994, 28, 723-726.Shinohara Y.T, Colbert J. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia during treatment of endocarditis in a pediatric patient. Ann. Pharmacother. 1994, 28, 723-726.Mackett R.L., Guay D.R.P. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1985, 132, 39-40.Mackett R.L., Guay D.R.P. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1985, 132, 39-40.Henry K., Steinberg I., Crossley K.B. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia during treatment of osteomyelitis in an outpatient. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharm., 1986, 20, 783-785.Henry K., Steinberg I., Crossley K.B. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia during treatment of osteomyelitis in an outpatient. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharm., 1986, 20, 783-785.Weitzman S.A., Stossel T.P. Drug-induced immunological neutropenia. Lancet, 1978, 1, 1068-1071.Weitzman S.A., Stossel T.P. Drug-induced immunological neutropenia. Lancet, 1978, 1, 1068-1071.Domen R.E., Horowitz S. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia associated with anti-granulocyte antibodies. Immuno-hematology 1990, 6, 41-43.Domen R.E., Horowitz S. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia associated with anti-granulocyte antibodies. Immuno-hematology 1990, 6, 41-43.Adrouny A., Meguerditchian S., Koo C.H., et al. Agranulocytosis related to vancomycin therapy. Am. J. Med., 1986, 81, 1059-1061.Adrouny A., Meguerditchian S., Koo C.H., et al. Agranulocytosis related to vancomycin therapy. Am. J. Med., 1986, 81, 1059-1061.Comer J.B., Goodwin R.A., Calamari L.A., Catrini V.J. Vancomycin-induced granulocytopenia in a home-care patient. Ann. Pharmacother., 1992 Apr, 26(4), 563-564.Comer J.B., Goodwin R.A., Calamari L.A., Catrini V.J. Vancomycin-induced granulocytopenia in a home-care patient. Ann. Pharmacother., 1992 Apr, 26(4), 563-564.Schwartz M.D. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia in patient positive for an antineutrophil antibody. Pharmacother., 2002, Jun, 22(6), 783-788.Schwartz M.D. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia in patient positive for an antineutrophil antibody. Pharmacother., 2002, Jun, 22(6), 783-788.Zenon G.J., Cadle R.M., Hamill R.J. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arch. Intern. Med., 1991, 151, 995-996.Zenon G.J., Cadle R.M., Hamill R.J. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arch. Intern. Med., 1991, 151, 995-996.Lai K.K., Kleinjan J., Belliveau P. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during home intravenous infusion therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996, 23, 844-845.Lai K.K., Kleinjan J., Belliveau P. Vancomycin-induced neutropenia treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during home intravenous infusion therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996, 23, 844-845.Michael D. Schwartz, M.D. Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia in a Patient Positive for an Antineutrophil Antibody, Pharmacotherapy, 2002, 22(6), 783-788.Michael D. Schwartz, M.D. Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia in a Patient Positive for an Antineutrophil Antibody, Pharmacotherapy, 2002, 22(6), 783-788.Mandl D.L., Garrison M.W., Palpant S.D. Agranulocytosis induced by vancomycin or ticarcillin/clavulanate. Ann. Pharmacother. 1997, 31, 1321-1323.Mandl D.L., Garrison M.W., Palpant S.D. Agranulocytosis induced by vancomycin or ticarcillin/clavulanate. Ann. Pharmacother. 1997, 31, 1321-1323.Morris A., Ward C. High incidence of vancomycin-associated leucopenia and neutropenia in a cardiothoracic surgical unit. J. Infect., 1991, May, 22(3), 217-223.Morris A., Ward C. High incidence of vancomycin-associated leucopenia and neutropenia in a cardiothoracic surgical unit. J. Infect., 1991, May, 22(3), 217-223.Patrick F. Smith, Pharm.D., and Charles T. Taylor, Pharm.D. Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia Associated With Fever: Similarities Between Two Immune-Mediated Drug Reactions, Pharmacotherapy, 1999, 19(2), 240-244.Patrick F. Smith, Pharm.D., and Charles T. Taylor, Pharm.D. Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia Associated With Fever: Similarities Between Two Immune-Mediated Drug Reactions, Pharmacotherapy, 1999, 19(2), 240-244.Sanche S.E., Dust W.N., Shevchuk Y.M. Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia Resolves agter substitution with Teicoplanin. Clin. Infect.Dis., 2000, 31, 824-825.Sanche S.E., Dust W.N., Shevchuk Y.M. Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia Resolves agter substitution with Teicoplanin. Clin. Infect.Dis., 2000, 31, 824-825.Schlemmer B., Falkman H., Boudjadja A., et al. Teicoplanin for patients allergic to vancomycin. N. Engl. J. Med., 1988, 318, 1127-1128.Schlemmer B., Falkman H., Boudjadja A., et al. Teicoplanin for patients allergic to vancomycin. N. Engl. J. Med., 1988, 318, 1127-1128.Coller B.S., Lundberg W.B., Gralnick H.R. Effects of vancomycin on platelets, plasma proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen. Thromb. Diathes. Haemorrh., 1975, 34, 83-93.Coller B.S., Lundberg W.B., Gralnick H.R. Effects of vancomycin on platelets, plasma proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen. Thromb. Diathes. Haemorrh., 1975, 34, 83-93.Christie D.J., van Buren N., Lennon S.S., Putnam J.L. Vancomycin-dependent antibodies associated with thrombo-cytopenia and refractoriness to platelet transfusion in patients with leukemia. Blood, 1990, 75(2), 518-523.Christie D.J., van Buren N., Lennon S.S., Putnam J.L. Vancomycin-dependent antibodies associated with thrombo-cytopenia and refractoriness to platelet transfusion in patients with leukemia. Blood, 1990, 75(2), 518-523.Mizon P., Kiefel V., Mannessier L. Mueller-Eckhardt C., Goudemand J. Thrombocytopenia induced by vancomycin-dependent platelet antibody. Vox. Sang., 1997, 73, 49-51.Mizon P., Kiefel V., Mannessier L. Mueller-Eckhardt C., Goudemand J. Thrombocytopenia induced by vancomycin-dependent platelet antibody. Vox. Sang., 1997, 73, 49-51.Kuruppu J.C., Le T.P., Tuazon C.U. Vancomycin-associated thrombocytopenia: case report and review of the literature. Am. J. Hematol. 1999, 60(3), 249-250.Kuruppu J.C., Le T.P., Tuazon C.U. Vancomycin-associated thrombocytopenia: case report and review of the literature. Am. J. Hematol. 1999, 60(3), 249-250.Rao N., Ziran B.H., Wagener M.M., Santa E.R., Yu V.L. Similar hematologic effects of long-term linezolid and vancomycin therapy in a prospective observational study of patients with ortho pedic infections. Clin. Infect. Diseases, 2004, Apr 15, 38(8), 1058-1064.Rao N., Ziran B.H., Wagener M.M., Santa E.R., Yu V.L. Similar hematologic effects of long-term linezolid and vancomycin therapy in a prospective observational study of patients with ortho pedic infections. Clin. Infect. Diseases, 2004, Apr 15, 38(8), 1058-1064.Marraffa J., Guharoy R., Duggan D., Rose F., Nazeer S. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case proven with rechallenge. Pharmacother., 2003, Sep, 23(9), 1195-1198.Marraffa J., Guharoy R., Duggan D., Rose F., Nazeer S. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case proven with rechallenge. Pharmacother., 2003, Sep, 23(9), 1195-1198.Govindarajan R. Baxter D. Wilson C. Zent C. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am. J. Hematology, 1999, Oct, 62(2),122-123.Govindarajan R. Baxter D. Wilson C. Zent C. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am. J. Hematology, 1999, Oct, 62(2),122-123.Howard C.E., Adams L.A., Admire J.L., Chu M.A., Alred G.L. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a challenge and rechallenge. Ann. Pharmacother., 1997, 31, 315-318.Howard C.E., Adams L.A., Admire J.L., Chu M.A., Alred G.L. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a challenge and rechallenge. Ann. Pharmacother., 1997, 31, 315-318.Kishimoto T. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia for MRSA pneumonia. Jap.J. Clin. Hematol., 1995 Aug, 36(8), 768-773.Kishimoto T. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia for MRSA pneumonia. Jap.J. Clin. Hematol., 1995 Aug, 36(8), 768-773.Johns T.E., Harbilas J.W. Drug-induced hematologic disorders. In: DiPiro J T, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey ML, eds. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. Stamford, C T: Appleton & Lange, 1999, 1584-1596.Johns T.E., Harbilas J.W. Drug-induced hematologic disorders. In: DiPiro J T, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey ML, eds. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. Stamford, C T: Appleton & Lange, 1999, 1584-1596.Walker R.W., Heaton A. Thrombocytopenia due to vancomycin [letter]. Lancet, 1985; 1(8434), 932.Walker R.W., Heaton A. Thrombocytopenia due to vancomycin [letter]. Lancet, 1985; 1(8434), 932.Marraffa J., Guharoy R., David Duggan, Frederick Rose. Vancomycin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Proven With Rechallenge, Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 23(9), 1195-1198.Marraffa J., Guharoy R., David Duggan, Frederick Rose. Vancomycin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Proven With Rechallenge, Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 23(9), 1195-1198.Nasraway S.A., Shorr A.F., Kuter D.J., O’Grady N., Le V.H., Cammarata S.K. Linezolid does not increase the risk of thrombocytopenia in patients with nosocomial pneumobia: comparative analy sis of linezolid and vancomycin use. Clin. Infection. Diseases., 2003, Dec 15, 37(12), 1609-1616.Nasraway S.A., Shorr A.F., Kuter D.J., O’Grady N., Le V.H., Cammarata S.K. Linezolid does not increase the risk of thrombocytopenia in patients with nosocomial pneumobia: comparative analy sis of linezolid and vancomycin use. Clin. Infection. Diseases., 2003, Dec 15, 37(12), 1609-1616.Markman M., Lim H.W., Bluestein H.G. Vancomycin-induced vasculitis. South. Med. J. 1986, 79, 382-383.Markman M., Lim H.W., Bluestein H.G. Vancomycin-induced vasculitis. South. Med. J. 1986, 79, 382-383.Armstrong A.W., Fazeli A., Yeh S.W., Mackool B.T., Liu V. Vancomycin-induced linear IgA disease manifesting as bullous erythema multiforme. J. Cutan. Pathol., 2004, May, 31(5), 393-397.Armstrong A.W., Fazeli A., Yeh S.W., Mackool B.T., Liu V. Vancomycin-induced linear IgA disease manifesting as bullous erythema multiforme. J. Cutan. Pathol., 2004, May, 31(5), 393-397.Whitworth J.M., Thomas I., Peltz S.A., Sullivan B.C., Wolf A.H., Cytryn A.S. Vancomycin-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1996, May, 34(5 Pt 2), 890-891.Whitworth J.M., Thomas I., Peltz S.A., Sullivan B.C., Wolf A.H., Cytryn A.S. Vancomycin-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1996, May, 34(5 Pt 2), 890-891.Wiadrowski T.P., Reid C.M. Drug-induced linear IgA bullous disease following antibiotics. Australas. J. Dermatol., 2001, Aug, 42(3), 196-199.Wiadrowski T.P., Reid C.M. Drug-induced linear IgA bullous disease following antibiotics. Australas. J. Dermatol., 2001, Aug, 42(3), 196-199.Baden L.A., Apovian C., Imber M.J., Dover J.S. Vancomycin-induced linear IgA bullous dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol., 1988, 124, 1186-1188.Baden L.A., Apovian C., Imber M.J., Dover J.S. Vancomycin-induced linear IgA bullous dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol., 1988, 124, 1186-1188.Forrence E.A., Goldman M.P. Vancomycin-associated exfoliative dermatitis. DICP Ann. Pharmacother., 1990, 24, 369-371.Forrence E.A., Goldman M.P. Vancomycin-associated exfoliative dermatitis. DICP Ann. Pharmacother., 1990, 24, 369-371.Neal D., Morton R., Bailie G.R., Waldek S. Exfoliative reaction to vancomycin [letter]. Br. Med. J., 1988, 296, 137Neal D., Morton R., Bailie G.R., Waldek S. Exfoliative reaction to vancomycin [letter]. Br. Med. J., 1988, 296, 137Alexander I.I., Greenberger P.A. Vancomycin-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Allergy. Asthma. Proc., 1996, 17, 75-78.Alexander I.I., Greenberger P.A. Vancomycin-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Allergy. Asthma. Proc., 1996, 17, 75-78.Laurencin C.T, Horan R.F., Senatus P.B., Wheeler C.B., Lipson S.J. Stevens-Jonson type reaction with vancomycin treatment. Ann. Pharmacoter, 1992, 26, 1520-1521.Laurencin C.T, Horan R.F., Senatus P.B., Wheeler C.B., Lipson S.J. Stevens-Jonson type reaction with vancomycin treatment. Ann. Pharmacoter, 1992, 26, 1520-1521.Gutfeld M.B., Reddy P.V., Morse G.D. Vancomycin-associated exfoliative dermatitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharmacother. 1988, 22, 881-882.Gutfeld M.B., Reddy P.V., Morse G.D. Vancomycin-associated exfoliative dermatitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharmacother. 1988, 22, 881-882.Carpenter S. Berg D. Sidhu-Malik N. Hall RP 3rd. Rico MJ. Vancomycin-associated linear IgA dermatosis. A report of three cases. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol., 1992 Jan, 26(1), 45-48.Carpenter S. Berg D. Sidhu-Malik N. Hall RP 3rd. Rico MJ. Vancomycin-associated linear IgA dermatosis. A report of three cases. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol., 1992 Jan, 26(1), 45-48.Mofid M.Z., Costarangos C., Bernstein B., Wong L., Munster A., Nousari H.C. Drug-induced linear immunoglobulin A bullous disease, J. Burn. Care. Rehabil., 2000, May-Jun, 21(3), 246-247.Mofid M.Z., Costarangos C., Bernstein B., Wong L., Munster A., Nousari H.C. Drug-induced linear immunoglobulin A bullous disease, J. Burn. Care. Rehabil., 2000, May-Jun, 21(3), 246-247.Palmer R.A., Ogg G., Allen J., Banerjee A., Ryatt K.S., Ratnaver R., Wojnarowska F. Vancomycin-induced liniar IgA disease with autoantibodies to BP 180 and LAD 285. Brit. J. Dermatol., 2001, 145, №5, 816-820.Palmer R.A., Ogg G., Allen J., Banerjee A., Ryatt K.S., Ratnaver R., Wojnarowska F. Vancomycin-induced liniar IgA disease with autoantibodies to BP 180 and LAD 285. Brit. J. Dermatol., 2001, 145, №5, 816-820.Piketty C., Meeus F., Nochy D., Poux J.M., Jacquot C., Bariety J. Linear IgA dermatosis related to vancomycin. Brit. J. Dermatol., 1994 Jan, 130(1),130-131.Piketty C., Meeus F., Nochy D., Poux J.M., Jacquot C., Bariety J. Linear IgA dermatosis related to vancomycin. Brit. J. Dermatol., 1994 Jan, 130(1),130-131.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.